Situation-aware personal information management for a mobile device

ABSTRACT

A technique for providing a mobile device user with a “when to leave” alarm on his or her mobile device. The user has scheduled an appointment at a given time and location in the user&#39;s personal information manager (PIM) executing on the mobile device. A representative PIM is a calendar on the mobile device. The “when to leave” alarm is provided to the end user in the form of a display widget (or “countdown alarm”) that automatically activates a given time (e.g., 30 minutes) before a latest departure time for an event in the user&#39;s PIM.

This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 12/202,236, filed Aug.30, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,190,359, which application was based onand claimed priority from Ser. No. 60/969,359, filed Aug. 31, 2007.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to mobile devices and, inparticular, to techniques for providing end users of such devices withreal-time situation-aware data.

2. Background of the Related Art

Mobile devices such as the Blackberry® phone have become ubiquitous intoday's society. In addition to providing basic wireless telephoneservice, such devices are Internet-accessible and includehighly-efficient processors and display functionality for rendering richgraphical information that is available to be downloaded to the deviceover the Internet. These devices also include personal informationmanager (PIM) functions, such as appointment calendars, address books,and the like.

Web sites such as Google Maps provide end users with the capability ofobtaining map data defining a navigation route. A recently-added featureto Google Maps enables the end user to view real-time traffic conditionsalong a desired route.

Vehicle-mounted navigation devices also are well-known in the prior art.These devices interact with global positioning systems (GPS) to providean end user with up-to-date location information as an end user drivesthe vehicle along a given route.

BRIEF SUMMARY

The subject disclosure is a technique for providing a mobile device userwith a “when to leave” alarm on his or her mobile device so that theuser may depart for a desired destination in sufficient time to arrivefor a scheduled appointment in a timely manner. In a representativeembodiment, a system comprises an end user mobile device that isconnectable to a server hosted in or managed by a service provider. Theuser has scheduled an appointment at a given time and location in theuser's personal information manager (PIM) executing on the mobiledevice. A representative PIM is a calendar on the mobile device (or on acalendar in another device that is then synchronized to the mobiledevice calendar). According to one aspect of the invention, a “when toleave” alarm is provided to the end user in the form of a display widget(or “countdown alarm”) that automatically activates a given time (e.g.,30 minutes) before a latest departure time for an event in the user'sPIM.

In one embodiment, the “when to leave” alarm is generated as follows.The mobile device current time and location is compared with the timeand location of the end user's next appointment as defined in the PIM(or the like). Using the location data, a fastest route from the currentlocation to the destination location is determined or obtained,preferably taking into consideration traffic conditions. At a giventime, a display on the mobile device of the “when to leave” screen isinitiated. The “when to leave” screen preferably includes a map of theend user's current location, which changes to a route map, displayingthe route ahead a given time period (e.g., 5 minutes) before anticipateddeparture. The route map preferably shows the fastest route. On themobile device, a countdown alarm is displayed, preferably in the form ofa first color bar concatenated with a second color bar. In a preferredembodiment, the travel time to the destination is shown in red, and a“cushion”—a time between a current time and a latest departure time—isdisplayed in green. As time elapses, the green portion of the barshrinks, and the red portion of the bar fluctuates according toreal-time and predicted traffic conditions on the route.

Preferably, the countdown alarm is a display widget, which includes atimeline running along a given display axis (e.g. horizontally). Asdescribed above, the countdown alarm is, in effect, a timer. A firstitem on the timeline represents a current time on the mobile device.Next on the timeline is the cushion portion (e.g., shown as a greenbar), followed by a travel (or “commute”) portion (e.g., shown as a redbar). The length of the cushion (along the timeline) is calculatedaccording to the following algorithm: given an appointment time and thecurrent time, the cushion is equal to [(appointment time−currenttime)−commute time]. The quantity within the parenthetical is sometimesreferred to as the buffer. The commute time is typically provided from aserver, which also provides a route map for the commute. After thecommute portion, typically a last item on the timeline is theappointment time itself.

The commute portion of the timer typically takes into considerationvarious types of traffic and travel time. These traffic types include,for example, real-time traffic, historic traffic, and predicted traffic.Real-time traffic typically refers to a check of the traffic along aroute at a given time or instant. Historic traffic refers to traffic bytime of day and day of week for a given portion of the route. Predictedtraffic refers to a blend of real-time and historic traffic, andtypically refers to a prediction of how non-recurring traffic willdissipate by the time the traveler arrives at a given segment of theroute (e.g., following an accident, which by then might have cleared).

The foregoing has outlined some of the more pertinent features of theinvention. These features should be construed to be merely illustrative.Many other beneficial results can be attained by applying the disclosedinvention in a different manner or by modifying the invention as will bedescribed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention and theadvantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptionstaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system components in a preferredembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates a representative countdown widget that is displayedin conjunction with a route map according to the situation-awarefunctionality described herein;

FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the countdown widgetthat is displayed in conjunction with a route map according to thesituation-aware functionality;

FIG. 4 illustrates the widget of FIG. 3 during the end user's travelalong the route;

FIG. 5 illustrates the widget modified to display an alert to the enduser;

FIG. 6 illustrates the display widget and associated temporal variables;

FIG. 7 illustrates a route map with a weather data overlay that is time-and location-specific;

FIG. 8 illustrates mobile device displays showing alternative departureand arrival time options adjacent to times, as well as associated fuelconsumption;

FIG. 9 illustrates a display showing the countdown alarm that includes aportion representing a break time.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject disclosure enables mobile device users to perform“situation-aware” personal information management on his or her mobiledevice. As used herein, a “mobile device user” should be broadlyconstrued. It includes any wireless client device, e.g., a cellphone,pager, a personal digital assistant (PDA, e.g., with GPRS NIC), a mobilecomputer with a smartphone client, or the like. A typical mobile deviceis a wireless access protocol (WAP)-enabled device (e.g., an iPhone®, aBlackberry® device, or the like) that is capable of sending andreceiving data in a wireless manner using the wireless applicationprotocol. The wireless application protocol (“WAP”) allows users toaccess information via wireless devices, such as mobile phones, pagers,two-way radios, communicators, and the like. WAP supports wirelessnetworks, including CDPD, CDMA, GSM, PDC, PHS, TDMA, FLEX, ReFLEX, iDEN,TETRA, DECT, DataTAC, and Mobitex, and it operates with many handhelddevice operating systems, such as PalmOS, EPOC, Windows CE, FLEXOS,OS/9, and JavaOS. Typically, WAP-enabled devices use graphical displaysand can access the Internet (or other communication network) onso-called mini- or micro-browsers, which are web browsers with smallfile sizes that can accommodate the reduced memory constraints ofhandheld devices and the low-bandwidth constraints of a wirelessnetworks. In a representative embodiment, the mobile device is acellular telephone that operates over GPRS (General Packet RadioService), which is a data technology for GSM networks. In addition to aconventional voice communication, a given mobile device can communicatewith another such device via many different types of message transfertechniques, including SMS (short message service), enhanced SMS (EMS),multi-media message (MMS), email WAP, paging, or other known orlater-developed wireless data formats.

Wireless device operating environments in which the subject matter maybe implemented also are well-known. In a representative embodiment, amobile device is connectable (typically via WAP) to a transmissionfunctionality that varies depending on implementation. Thus, forexample, where the wireless device operating environment is a wide areawireless network (e.g., a 2.5 G network), the transmission functionalitycomprises one or more components such as a mobile switching center (MSC)(an enhanced ISDN switch that is responsible for call handling of mobilesubscribers), a visitor location register (VLR) (an intelligent databasethat stores on a temporary basis data required to handle calls set up orreceived by mobile devices registered with the VLR), a home locationregister (HLR) (an intelligent database responsible for management ofeach subscriber's records), one or more base stations (which provideradio coverage with a cell), a base station controller (BSC) (a switchthat acts as a local concentrator of traffic and provides localswitching to effect handover between base stations), and a packetcontrol unit (PCU) (a device that separates data traffic coming from amobile device). The HLR also controls certain services associated withincoming calls. Of course, the subject matter herein may be implementedin other (e.g., 3G) and next-generation mobile networks and devices aswell. The mobile device is the physical equipment used by the end user,typically a subscriber to the wireless network. Typically, a mobiledevice is a 2.5 G- or 3G-compliant device that includes a subscriberidentity module (SIM), which is a smart card that carriessubscriber-specific information, mobile equipment (e.g., radio andassociated signal processing devices), a man-machine interface (MMI),and one or more interfaces to external devices (e.g., computers, PDAs,and the like). The mobile device may also include a data store.

With the above as background, the subject matter of the presentinvention is now described in more detail. According to the subjectmatter herein, mobile device situation-awareness is facilitated,preferably through a managed service provider. The service provider maybe the same entity that provides the end user mobile service, or anyother entity. In a representative embodiment, the service provideroperates a web site that is Internet-accessible through a web browser onthe mobile device (or other machine such as the end user's PC). In arepresentative embodiment, shown in FIG. 1, a “system” that implementsthe invention includes a mobile device client 100, a server 102, and athird party integration layer 104. The integration layer 104 maycomprise part of the server 102 if the service provider has access tothe location and traffic data (as will be described below). The mobiledevice client preferably is downloaded to and installed in the mobiledevice in any convenient manner. In one embodiment, the end user openshis or her device browser to the service provider web site and selects alink to download and install the client. Alternatively, the client maybe provided as original equipment on the mobile device or otherwisepushed to and installed in the device in any convenient manner. The enduser may obtain the client by responding to an SMS or other invitation.The client may be retrieved to another machine (such as the end user'sPC) and then transferred to the mobile device over a medium such as aBluetooth connection.

As shown in FIG. 1, the client, server and integration layers eachcomprise a number of functional components. This representation is meantto be for convenience of illustration and description, and it should notbe taken to limit the scope of the invention as one or more of thefunctions may be combined. Typically, these components are implementedin software (as a set of processor-executable computer instructions,associated data structures, and the like). One or more of the functionsmay be combined or otherwise implemented in any convenient manner (e.g.,in hardware, in firmware, in combined hardware and software, or thelike). As noted above, the mobile device includes a micro-browser orother graphics rendering engine for displaying information to the enduser in the usual manner. The device is Internet-accessible andinteracts with the server 102 using known Internet protocols such asHTTP, HTTPS, and the like. The server 102 is shown as a single devicebut this is not a requirement either; one or more programs, processes,or other code may comprise the server and be executed on one or moremachines (in one or more networked locations).

The operation of the system is best described by the following example.As seen in FIG. 1, the client 100 and the server 102 include variousfunctional components and associated data stores to facilitate theoperation. The operation of the disclosed method may be carried outusing system components other than as shown in FIG. 1.

In this example architecture, the client 100 includes a situation-awarecache 101, and the server includes its own situation-aware cache 103.These data stores are used to facilitate the creation and display of acountdown alarm. The server 102 also includes a database (e.g., MySQL)105 for storing location information, as well as a user profile database107 for storing user preference data. The integration layer provides oneor more application programming interfaces (APIs), such as a geo-codingAPI 109 for providing the server with information about the destinationlocation, as well as a mapping and traffic API 111 for providing theserver with map data and real-time (or historic) traffic data. Thegeo-coding API provides destination location coordinates, preferably byreverse geo-coding addresses in the end user's PIM. The mobile deviceactual location is provided using GPS, A-GPS, or other data service,which obtains the device location is a known manner. The map and trafficdata is provided (via API 111) from a data service provider or obtainedby the application natively. Of course, any convenient data services maybe used or otherwise integrated into the situation-aware serviceoffering.

A user of the mobile device enters an appointment event in his or hisPC- or web-based calendar 108. Typically, the event data includes fieldsfor date, time, activity, and location. Preferably, the location is astreet address. Instead of manual entry, a service provider or othersource may be used to obtain a destination location address uponreceiving a request for such information. The PC- or web-based calendar108 at some point is synchronized to a mobile PIM native calendar 110.Of course, the appointment event data may be entered into the PIM nativecalendar 110 directly. An application calendar module 112 reads themobile device calendar 110 over a connection, such as an industrystandard JSR 75 link. In particular, the calendar module 112 preferablyis automatically synchronized to the mobile PIM calendar 110 whenever anew appointment event is added to the calendar 110. Of course, thecomponents 110 and 112 may be integrated together. The appointment eventdata is assimilated by a PIM data upload function 114, which transfersthe data to the server 102, preferably via HTTP. This data is receivedat the server 102 and processed by an agenda analyzer component 116. Theagenda analyzer 116 provides the processed data to a parse engine 118,which is also connected to the third party integration layer 104,preferably via XML. The geo-coding API 109 takes unstructured addressinformation, assesses its quality, adds one or more geo-codes, andstructures that data into XML. The structured and geo-code data isstored in the database 105. Meanwhile, a set of user preferences (suchas locations of home, work, daily commute times), security data, andcurrent location (typically, the mobile device last known location) dataare uploaded to the server, such as by a preferences specificationcomponent 113 operating in the client 100. This preference data isstored in the user profile database 107.

As the time of an event approaches, the server code compares the lastknown location and current time with the location and time of a nextappointment. At a given time (typically, 30 minutes before a latestdeparture time as calculated below), the databases 105 and 107 transferto a mapping engine and countdown profiler component 115 the followingdata: current time and location, and event time and location. Themapping engine and countdown profiler component 115 also accesses thethird party mapping and traffic APIs, preferably via XML, to obtain theroute map and traffic data. The route map data may be obtained at anyconvenient time once the starting and ending locations are determined,although typically it is desired to obtain the route map with theassociated traffic data (which, of course varies based on time of day,day of week, and other non-recurring events, such as traffic accidents,adverse weather, and the like). As described above, a route map may takeinto consideration various types of traffic and travel time. Thesetraffic types include, for example, real-time traffic, historic traffic,and predicted traffic. Real-time traffic typically refers to a check ofthe traffic along a route at a given time or instant. Historic trafficrefers to traffic by time of day and day of week for a given portion ofthe route. Predicted traffic refers to a blend of real-time and historictraffic, and typically refers to a prediction of how non-recurringtraffic will dissipate by the time the traveler arrives at a givensegment of the route (e.g., following an accident, which by then mighthave cleared). The real-time traffic may be weighted more heavily forthe drive closer to the user's departure location, while the predictedtraffic may be weighted more heavily for the drive as the user nears thedesired destination.

Using the current and event time and location data, and taking intoconsideration the traffic data, the mapping engine and countdownprofiler component 115. This component generates the route map and thecommute time. This information is used by the client side of theapplication to generate and display the countdown alarm to instruct themobile device user “when to leave” if he or she intends to arrive timelyat the desired appointment destination given the time of day, route oftravel and traffic conditions along the anticipated route. Thesituation-aware cache 103 manages the data and pushes the resulting map,commute time and appointment time to the client 100, where it isreceived by the situation-aware cache 101. The cache 101 on the clientside then provisions a route map 117 (with the best or recommendedroute), as well as the countdown alarm widget 119. As will be seen, thisinformation is then displayed to the end user (preferably in a“just-in-time” manner) to attempt to influence the user's departure(i.e., to provide the desired “situation-awareness”).

As also seen in FIG. 1, preferably the data output from the client-sidesituation-aware cache 101 also is transmitted to the in-vehicle mappingsystem or other personal navigation device (PND) 121, e.g., usingBluetooth or the like. Alternatively, the server (or other machine ordevice) may push this information there directly. This enables automateddestination retrieval as well as proactive re-routing to avoid trafficin the event the end user makes driving errors or otherwise modifies theroute on-the-fly.

Thus, according to an embodiment of the invention, the “when to leave”screen (the countdown alarm) automatically activates a given time (e.g.,30 minutes) before a latest departure time for an event in the user'spersonal information manager (PIM). On the server side, the servicecompares the mobile device current location with the time and locationof the end user's next appointment, works out (or otherwise obtains) afastest route (preferably allowing for real-time and/or predictedtraffic), and then provides information to the client side, which (at agiven time) initiates the display (on the mobile device) of the “when toleave” screen. The “when to leave” screen preferably includes a map ofthe end user's current location, which changes to a route map,displaying the commute ahead a given time period (e.g., 5 minutes)before anticipated departure. The route map preferably shows the fastestroute, together with a countdown alarm. The countdown alarm preferablyis a graphic element, such as shown in FIG. 2. As seen there, preferablythe countdown alarm is a display widget 200 that includes a number ofelements. The first element is the current time 202. As described above,if (as a result of the calculation by the mapping engine and countdownprofiler component) there is some cushion available (between the user'snecessary departure given the anticipated route and traffic (real-timeand/or predicted), then this cushion is displayed in the alarm widget,preferably as a green horizontal bar 204. The commute time also isdisplayed in the widget, preferably as a red horizontal bar 206. Thefinal part of the display widget is the appointment start time 208. Thecurrent time 202 and appointment start time 208 may include additionalinformation. Thus, for example, the current time 202 field may itselfinclude a countdown indication, and the appointment start time field maybe annotated to include other data, such as event attendees, reminders,and the like.

Thus, as seen in FIG. 2, the countdown alarm preferably is a displaywidget, which includes a timeline running along a given display axis(e.g. horizontally). As described above, the countdown alarm is, ineffect, a timer. A first item on the timeline represents a current timeon the mobile device. Next on the timeline is the cushion portion (e.g.,shown as a green bar), followed by a travel (or “commute”) portion(e.g., shown as a red bar). The length of the cushion (along thetimeline) is calculated according to the following algorithm: given anappointment time and the current time, the cushion is equal to[(appointment time−current time)−commute time]. The quantity within theparenthetical is sometimes referred to as the buffer. The commute timeis typically provided from a server, which also provides a route map forthe commute. After the commute portion, typically a last item on thetimeline is the appointment time itself.

FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the countdown alarm. Inthis embodiment, the countdown alarm 300 comprises an additionalelement. Once again, the first element is the current time 302. Thegreen bar 304 represents the current time cushion according to real-timetraffic conditions, and the red bar 306 illustrates the countdown traveltime from the current location to the destination using historic trafficconditions. The appointment start time 308 is also provided. Inaddition, in this embodiment the countdown alarm 300 also includes anorange bar 305, which represents a traffic surplus (that represents anincremental traffic delay over historic traffic for the intended route)that may be exist given the real-time traffic conditions. This surplusis included in the red bar portion of the countdown alarm in FIG. 2. Inthis embodiment, the countdown alarm also displays the departure anddestination locations in a text box 310.

The following describes one technique for overlaying the countdown alarmon the route map. In general, the route map is provisioned according topredetermined dimensions (corresponding to the display area of themobile device) leaving a space for the countdown alarm. The program thencalculates the dimensions of the countdown alarm and fits it into thespace. In particular, preferably the route map is returned from theserver to the mobile device in the form of a byte stream of a .pngimage. Then, at the mobile device, this byte stream is converted backinto a .bmp file. The .bmp file is fitted into a bitmap field in thedisplay. The countdown alarm is calculated in a countdown timer displaywidget. In one embodiment, the countdown timer display widget comprisesa number of elements. As noted above, the first element is the currenttime. If there is some cushion available, then this cushion is displayedin the alarm widget, preferably as a green horizontal bar. The commutetime is then displayed in the widget, preferably as a red horizontalbar. The final part of the display widget is the appointment start time.

Thus, according to the described subject matter, the situation-awareapplication takes given data (current location A and location of anappointment B, current time and desired destination arrival time),calculates the fastest route from A to B, checks historical travel timesfrom A to B to arrive at the appointment time, indexes real-time trafficconditions to calculate the traffic buffer (optional), and then createsthe countdown alarm. The alarm is then overlaid or displayed within theroute map (or some portion thereof), such as already shown in FIG. 3.While on route, as shown in FIG. 4, the application may zoom out to showboth locations A and B. Preferably, while on route the countdown alarmdynamically changes to show the time cushion, traffic delay and historictravel duration. If the user is running late (e.g., due to a trafficincident), the display may be modified, such as shown in FIG. 5. Inparticular, and as shown in FIG. 5, when the historical time and trafficdelay is greater than a current time until the planned arrival time,preferably the application alerts the user that he or she is going to belate; at this time, a menu item may also be provided to enable the userto make a call (to the destination) or send an email (or SMS) to notifyanother of the anticipated delay in the arrival.

The following describes a representative algorithm for generating thecountdown timer, such as shown in FIG. 6. This algorithm is executed insoftware (as a set of processor-enabled program instructions) by theserver-side countdown profiler component:

-   Time (H1): Current time-   Time (H2): Scheduled time due at destination location-   Start location (L1): GPS coordinates from the mobile phone (or    network)-   Destination location (L2): Location of agenda item (event    appointment)-   Historic traffic (t): The historic time to travel, by car, transit    or as a pedestrian, from start location to finish location. Historic    time typically corresponds to same time of day and day of week,    using predetermined turn-by-turn directions or pedestrian or transit    navigation directions.    -   Historic traffic=t    -   t=historic travel time from L1 to L2-   Traffic surplus/deficit (T) At predetermined intervals real-time    traffic conditions are assessed for the intended route. If the    real-time traffic conditions require that the predicted travel time    increases, then this is said to be a traffic surplus. The traffic    surplus is the incremental traffic delay over historic traffic for    the intended route. In effect, this value represents the increased    time to get to the destination under current traffic conditions. If,    for some reason, the traffic surplus is in fact a deficit (because    traffic is unusually light on the intended route), then a deficit    shows and the time cushion increases accordingly.    -   Traffic surplus=T    -   T=(Real-time travel duration from L1 to L2)−t    -   T can be negative if there is unusually light traffic.-   The cushion (C) The time cushion is a time interval between the    current time and the departure time. The departure time equals the    time when the user should leave the start location, taking account    of historic traffic conditions plus the traffic surplus interval to    arrive at the finish destination on time.    -   The cushion=C    -   C=(((H2−H1)−T)−t)

Preferably, the server uses a last valid location as an assumed startlocation. If the start location is incorrect, the end user can open amenu and select a “locate me” option, choose an alternative startlocation from a list, or enter a new start location.

While on route to the destination, as noted above, the user can checkthe display as desired to determine if he or she will arrive on time. Inparticular, as the mobile device begins following the desired route, theserver recognizes this and periodically (e.g., once per minute) checksthe route ahead for traffic. The server updates the user's position, andthe green portion of the bar (the cushion) fluctuates according to thenumber of minutes the end user is then predicted to arrive early for themeeting. The end user may keep this display running right up until hisor her arrival at the desired destination.

As noted above, preferably the situation-aware application uses thepersonal information manager (PIM) of the mobile device. The PIM is asoftware application that functions as a personal organizer. As aninformation management tool, a PIM's purpose is to facilitate therecording, tracking and management of certain types of personalinformation. If the device does not include a PIM, other tools (such asa calendar, mail client, or the like) may be used to interface theappointment data to the situation-aware functionality as previouslydescribed. The mobile client, working from the PIM agenda and location,displays the countdown timer in the manner previously described toprovide situation-awareness.

The situation-aware application brings together data (e.g., from the PIMcalendar and address book) to enable the end user to have an appointmentlocation displayed on a map that also includes the mobile device'scurrent location (obtained, for example, from a GPS or A-GPS dataservice). APIs to the service provide destination location coordinates,preferably by reverse geo-coding addresses in the PIM, or by any otherconvenient technique. Turn-by-turn directions, pedestrian routes ortransit route APIs calculate (or provide) the fastest route from thecurrent location to the destination (finish) location. Traffic APIscalculate (or provide) the historic traffic (or normal time on publictransport) for the route and the real-time traffic delays for the route.Using this data, the application calculates a time cushion between acurrent time and the time the user must leave for the appointment toarrive on-time. Preferences can also be set to provide one or morealerts in the event traffic delays or other unanticipated events occuralong the intended route. With the countdown alarm, the end user cantell at a glance whether he or she is going to be on-time for theappointment. In this manner, the application determines and displays ina unique manner a latest departure time to ensure that the end user canarrive at the desired destination given the anticipated and real-timetraffic. As a consequence, the application enables the end user toarrive on-time, to know a latest departure time (for optimalproductivity), to have peace-of-mind during the travel that he or shewill arrive in sufficient time for the appointment, and to easily carryout messaging if unforeseen circumstances occur that will delay arrival.

Variants

The countdown alarm may be a display widget that is displayed in otherthan a horizontal timeline. Thus, for example, in an alternativeembodiment, the alarm may be displayed vertically. In anotheralternative, the cushion and commute times may be displayed one abovethe other, one inside the other (as in a set of circles), or in someother juxtaposed relation. Regardless of display format or orientation,the cushion element and the corresponding commute element will changedynamically in the manner described as the timer runs forward andapproaches the latest departure time.

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the green-red(FIG. 2) or green-orange-red (FIG. 3) coloration is not limiting, as anyother convenient colorations (or grey-scales) may be used.

While the above-described and illustrated countdown alarms arepreferred, other approaches may be used to render or augment thecountdown timer. In one alternative embodiment, the countdown timercomprises one or more audible signals associated with the displaygraphics. Thus, considering the FIG. 2 embodiment, the mobile device mayalso be controlled by the software to issue an audible warning at thestart of the cushion (the left-most portion of the green bar), as wellas an audible “time to leave” warning at what is the beginning of thered portion. Additional reminders may be output aurally as needed ordesired to ensure that the end user departs in a timely manner. Wherethe display is not working or it otherwise disabled, it may be desiredjust to issue the audible warnings.

The route map may omit the traffic conditions (or perhaps one type oftraffic data), although this is a less preferred approach.

It may also be desirable to provide ancillary information to thecountdown alarm. One type of information might be fuel consumption dataduring the actual or upcoming travel. In this embodiment, fuelconsumption data may be overlaid or otherwise displayed in juxtapositionto the route map (including predicted traffic) with the constraint thatthe optimal departure time be selected to minimize travel duration andfuel consumption.

A further variant enables the display of location of places routinelyvisited (e.g., for instance home and work locations) and the times(and/or days of the week) when the user wishes to arrive. Thus, “when toleave” alerts can be received for frequent trips without the necessityof updating the PIM calendar.

Another variant adds time and location-based weather reports along theplanned route. Generally, weather reports fix the location of anindividual and then provide hourly weather forecasts (or otherforecasts, such as daily forecasts) for the specific location. A moreconvenient and accurate representation of weather, however, predictswhere an individual will be (e.g., from PIM calendar data) and theirprogress along a route and presents the weather forecast that iscustomized according to a future time and position. This is illustratedin FIG. 7.

Due to fluctuations in traffic conditions on a route (e.g., during rushhour to a major city), altering the departure time can impact the traveltime and fuel consumption for the journey (more traffic time correspondsto more idling of the vehicle consuming fuel without moving, orconsuming fuel sub-optimally by moving slowly). Based on the user'sconfigurable priorities (e.g., to arrive punctually or to minimizetravel time or fuel consumption), another variant of the applicationpresents alternative departure and arrival time options adjacent totimes specified in the PIM calendar. This display is generated byconsulting real-time, historic and predicted traffic for the best route.For each departure time option, the speed of traffic for each segment ofeach route is predicted. By correlating the duration and speed oftravel, along each segment, for each option, with the fuel consumptionprofile of the vehicle, the predicted fuel consumed can be calculated,together with the carbon footprint and conveniently presented to thedriver so that they can make an informed choice according to their aforementioned priorities. FIG. 8 illustrates the representative displays.

Another variant matches the timing, start locations and finish locationsof drivers from their PIM entries, and matches users who have similarplans enabling users to carpool and reduce traveling costs, as well asreduce congestion. This variant may be implemented as a managed orhosted service using a web site that is accessed by end users in theusual manner.

Another variant of the application allows users to select PIM entriesfor future events and to predict the travel time at the specific timeand day of travel.

Another variant may interpret the “when to leave” screen as confirmationthat the driver is on schedule, or late, for the PIM calendar event. Ifthere is a change in traffic conditions, either before departure orwhile on route, the application can interact with turn-by-turndirections to allow the user to navigate around congestion.

Another variant enables users to specify their preferred refreshments,e.g., branded coffee, their preferred time to consume and the durationof a travel break. This information can be used to geo-locate convenientvendors on the route, corresponding to the users progress, and a breaktime can be added to the countdown alarm (sometimes in a new color),adjusting the optimum time of departure accordingly. This is illustratedin FIG. 9.

As noted above, preferably the client 100 communicates to the serverover an interface. There may also be an interface between the server andone or more third party daa services. One or more of these interfacesmay be conveniently enabled using AJAX (Asynchronous Javascript andXML), which are a known set of web development techniques that enhancethe web page's interactivity, speed and usability. AJAX technologiesinclude XHTML (Extensible HTML) and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) formarking up and styling information, the use of DOM (Document ObjectModel) accessed with client-side scripting languages, the use of anXMLHttpRequest object (an API used by a scripting language) to transferXML and other text data asynchronously to and from a server using HTTP),and use of XML or JSON (Javascript Object Notation, a lightweight datainterchange format) as a format to transfer data between the server andthe client.

While the above describes a particular order of operations performed bycertain embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that suchorder is exemplary, as alternative embodiments may perform theoperations in a different order, combine certain operations, overlapcertain operations, or the like. References in the specification to agiven embodiment indicate that the embodiment described may include aparticular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodimentmay not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic.

While the subject matter herein has been described in the context of amethod or process, the disclosure also relates to apparatus forperforming the operations herein. This apparatus may be speciallyconstructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise ageneral-purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by acomputer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may bestored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but is notlimited to, any type of disk including an optical disk, a CD-ROM, and amagnetic-optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory(RAM), a magnetic or optical card, or any type of media suitable forstoring electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer systembus.

A representative mobile device is a Blackberry Curve 8800 mobile devicerunning the client-side situation-aware application functionality as aJ2ME application. A given implementation of the server 102 component isa Linux-based server running Apache, mySQL, and where the server-sidesituation-aware application functionality is implemented in Python code,and/or one or more Perl scripts.

More generally, the service is provided by an operator using a set ofone or more computing-related entities (systems, machines, processes,programs, libraries, functions, or the like) that together facilitate orprovide the inventive functionality described above. In a typicalimplementation, the service comprises a set of one or more computers. Arepresentative machine is a network-based server running commodity (e.g.Pentium-class) hardware, an operating system (e.g., Linux, Windows,OS-X, or the like), an application runtime environment (e.g., Java,.ASP), and a set of applications or processes (e.g., Java applets orservlets, linkable libraries, native code, or the like, depending onplatform), that provide the functionality of a given system orsubsystem. As described, the service may be implemented in a standaloneserver, or across a distributed set of machines. Typically, a serverconnects to the publicly-routable Internet, a corporate intranet, aprivate network, or any combination thereof, depending on the desiredimplementation environment.

While given components of the system have been described separately, oneof ordinary skill will appreciate that some of the functions may becombined or shared in given instructions, program sequences, codeportions, and the like.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An article comprising a non-transitorymachine-readable medium that stores a program, the program beingexecuted by a computing device to perform a method to providesituation-awareness to a user of the computing device, the computingdevice having a display associated therewith, the method comprising: fora given vehicle route having a starting location and an ending location,generating at least two departure options; predicting a carbon footprintvalue associated with travel along the given vehicle route at each ofthe two departure options; and displaying information associated withthe predicted carbon footprint values to enable a user to make aninformed decision with respect to the departure options.
 2. The articleas described in claim 1 wherein the step of generating the departureoptions is based in part on a given user-configurable priority.
 3. Anarticle comprising a non-transitory machine-readable medium that storesa program, the program being executable by a server machine to perform amethod to provide situation-awareness to a user of a mobile device, themethod comprising: receiving first information identifying a first time,and a starting location; receiving second information identifying asecond time, and an ending location; receiving third informationindicative of a recommended vehicle route from the starting location tothe ending location, the third information also including dataassociated with traffic conditions along the recommended vehicle route;and based on the first, second and third information, generating fourthinformation for delivery to a mobile device to indicate a latestdeparture time from the starting location to ensure that the user of themobile device can arrive at the ending location at the second time viathe recommended vehicle route; the latest departure time being a time inthe future; predicting a carbon footprint value associated with travelalong the recommended vehicle route at each of at least first and seconddeparture times; and providing fourth information to facilitate displayof information associated with the predicted carbon footprint value. 4.An article comprising a non-transitory machine-readable medium thatstores a program, the program being executable by a server machine toperform a method to provide situation-awareness to a user of a mobiledevice, the method comprising: receiving first information identifying afirst time, and a starting location; receiving second informationidentifying a second time, and an ending location; receiving thirdinformation indicative of a recommended vehicle route from the startinglocation to the ending location, the third information also includingdata associated with predicted traffic conditions along the recommendedvehicle route, the predicted traffic conditions based on a blend ofreal-time and historic traffic and including a prediction of hownon-recurring traffic is expected to dissipate by a given time along therecommended vehicle route; and based on the first, second and thirdinformation, generating fourth information for delivery to a mobiledevice to indicate a latest departure time from the starting location toensure that the user of the mobile device can arrive at the endinglocation at the second time via the recommended vehicle route; thelatest departure time being a time in the future.